Ethical Issues of Standarized Testing - 1322 Words

In the contemporary American education system, high risk standardized testing has resulted in a monumental shift in the classroom to a focus on extensive test preparation, as well as a large influx of instructors cheating and alternating their students tests; both can be seen as a direct consequence of the heightened incentives and punishments placed upon teachers. Many teachers have taken acceptable measures in improving their students’ scores, such as simply â€Å"teaching to the test†, and taking class time to teach test taking techniques and procedures often resulting in a significant loss in time for other important standards and benchmarks that are not tested on. Taking a deontologist stance, one would propose that the teachers are†¦show more content†¦Also, these methods of test score fluctuation results in a false impression of the schools educational quality. Many parents seek to send their children to a highly ranked school district – often judged by standardized test scores – however, when educators partake in test day activities that raise their reputation as a â€Å"great teacher†, they are misrepresenting the true value of their classroom, and parents are sending their children into a classroom with high expectations in mind, and are ultimately being misled and deceived. This cycle also results in honest schools and districts loosing high performing students to these cheating misrepresented schools, causing the authentic schools test scores to lower, and for its funding to eventually be cut. There are several courses of actions that would result in a level playing field for districts. One view states that all teachers should instruct and prepare the students by the standard benchmarks, and rest assure that come test day they will succeed to the best of their ability, and it will be an accurate representation of their teaching abilities. This method assumes that the standardized test is an ultimate accurate representation of the material a student should have mastered. Another method that could be defended by utilitarianism is that all educators should do everything they can to help the student achieve a high test score; resulting in higher funding for all school districtsShow MoreRelatedLearning from the Fashion Industry: a Structured Literature Review39302 Words   |  158 Pagesowner. ABSTRACT This research study is a Structured Literature Review focused on identifying the learning points which can derive from the fashion industry regarding supply chain management solutions. Manufacturing, distribution and marketing issues that enable a more robust analysis of the sector are investigated. A review of business models used by companies in the fashion industry is conducted to gain insights into the way that fashion firms manage demand. An extensive review of the literatureRead MoreIntroduction to Materials Management169665 Words   |  679 PagesConcepts In recent years there has been a great deal of attention to the concept of supply chain management (SCM). It is important to understand the fundamental issues behind this movement, as well as the impact on materials management. Historical perspective. In the past, many company managers placed most of their attention on the issues that were internal to their companies. Of course they were aware of the impact of suppliers, customers, and distributors, but those entities were often viewed as

How Does The Anxiety Manifest Itself - 1259 Words

1. Do you experience test anxiety (or do you know someone who does)? How does the anxiety manifest itself (physically, behaviorally, effectively)? I have never experienced test anxiety but I do know someone who has. A colleague of mine, attended a university where he was the only minority in his classes. My colleague was Black and the majority of his classmates were White. During his first semester, he experienced a cultural shock and felt out of place. My friend told me that his classmates and professors were nice and that he wasn’t treated unfairly or differently. However, due to the social and racial history of the U.S., my colleague went into every class believing that he had something to prove. I believe that the stereotypes of African Americans affected him greatly and he strove to prove them wrong. This burden that he carried, no one else in his classroom shared, (which is understandable because race affects those directly impacted by it more than those indirectly affec ted), caused him to have tremendous stress. Physically, my friend was always stressed out and tired. My colleague rarely got enough sleep which directly impacted his academic performance. My friend’s behavior changed as well. Previously, my friend had been easy going and gregarious but now he appeared agitated. Although he received passing marks on his test, he wasn’t performing at the level he should have. According to Katherine Ryan and Allison Ryan (Woolfolk, 2013, p. 247), the fear of confirming aShow MoreRelatedWhat Is Metaphysics? 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Quantitative Research Article Review free essay sample

There are various reasons why I chose this article. I am an agency nurse and work at various different emergency departments around Middle Tennessee. Most of them are concerned about patient satisfaction scores and are frequently called into meetings regarding these scores. Staff at most of these hospitals can be called to the carpet as you may say if we have unsatisfactory reports from patients. This can be very frustrating because not all the facts are taken into consideration and the report is solely based on an irate patients comment. Most of these comments are due to the fact that the patient had to wait a long time to see the doctor or get placed into a room and last but not least is the number one complaint of not getting pain medication or prescriptions for pain medication. We, the staff see this as unfair, but according to the article, Medicare is one of the main driving forces behind the patient satisfaction scores and reimbursement by Medicare will be determined by the scores. The article appears to have credibility and integrity based on the fact the report is very well written, concise, and organized. The author has a doctorate in medicine, and the title is clear and accurate. The abstract provides a clear overview of the problem, methodology, findings and recommendations. The only concerning issue about this article is how they obtained the patient satisfaction scores, the demographics, the population which is the emergency room patients was noted, how many patients where surveyed, and many other variables were not discussed. The purpose of the study was clearly identified in the title of the article. The article maintained logical consistency and flowed very well. The literature review was limited due to the fact that this idea of patient satisfaction scores are fairly new idea and the research is somewhat limited. The method of the study was an ex post facto correlational study and somewhat vague. The hypothesis was clearly stated in this article and two were used. The two used were, â€Å"No correlation exists between the hospitals allied health care department’s revenue and various measures of allied health care customer satisfaction from April 2008 to April 2010† and â€Å"A correlation exists between the hospital’s allied health care department’s revenue and various measures of allied health care customer satisfaction from April 2008 to April 2010† (Ellis-Jacobs, 2011, p. 2). The article also discussed the research question for the study which is, â€Å"what is the relationship, if any, between allied health care practitioners’ customer service skills and a hospital’s gross revenue† (Ellis-Jacobs, 2011, p. 2). The sample â€Å"involved 25 months of historical satisfaction survey mean scores and revenue statements from a rural hospital in northeastern Oklahoma† (Ellis-Jacobs, 2011, p. 2). â€Å"The current study involved identifying a relationship between two variables: the customer service skills of allied health care practitioners and a hospital’s financial success. The current study included data in the form of statistical figures and table. Revenue reports and patient satisfaction surveys for the same period were also analyzed (Ellis-Jacobs, 2011, p. 2). The target population was vaguely identified along with aims and the theoretical framework used. The ethical considerations were not mentioned in this study. The data was analyzed by Pearson correlations and operational definitions were clearly defined. Although the data analysis was clearly defined and appropriate, the number of participants was not mentioned. The findings were not mentioned with the literature review but the hypothesis was identified and supported. The study concluded that â€Å"with respect to inpatient ratings, the null hypothesis was not rejected, and it could not be concluded that the hospital’s gross revenue was related to mean inpatient satisfaction scores. However, emergency department mean patient satisfaction scores were correlated to revenue in three areas of allied health care practitioner skills, standard testing, courtesy of person performing blood collection, and courtesy of radiology personnel† (Ellis-Jacobs, 2011, p. ). â€Å"Other factors that affect hospital gross revenue such as health care facility location and seasonal trends were identified. Rural health care facilities are a primary source of patient care for elderly and uninsured in rural areas; therefore, taking care of these patients will result in greater patient satisfaction scores and ultimately increased hospital revenue† (Ellis-Jacobs, 2011, p. 5). â€Å"Based on the information gained from this study, a new model for patient care was developed for exploration. Take Care of Patients of TCOP is based on the premise that is rural health care facilities are taking care of patients by meeting or exceeding the patients expectations, all aspects of rural health care survival, including patient satisfaction, will work together to provide the greatest care for patients and greatest reimbursement for the health care facility† (Ellis-Jacobs, 2011, p. 5). The study concluded that the† study did not indicate a significant relationship exists between allied health care practitioner customer service skills and a hospitals gross revenue in the inpatient setting† (Ellis-Jacobs, 2011, p. ). The study recommended that the â€Å"health care leadership must implement this simple customer service model, Take Care of Patients for allied health care practitioners to test its validity in a health care setting† (Ellis-Jacobs, 2011, p. 4). The references were accurately referenced in this study. I found the findings to be clinically and statistically significant. This research will be significant in years to come for all health care providers. Health care providers will be forced increase patient satisfaction scores in order to be reimbursed by Medicare and possible other insurance companies. It also means that health care providers will have to perform tests and give needless medications to patients in order to increase these scores. This means providers will have to give a known drug seeker a prescription for Lortab, so they do not call and complain. It also means that the doctors with attitude and lack of bed side manners will have to learn new customer service skills which could not only help the patient but the staff as well. For the Advanced Practice Nurse, this means that we will have to improve our customer service skills in order to maintain or jobs and receive paychecks. With the growing geriatric population, most of our patient’s will have Medicare and we will have to jump through hoops in order to keep our clinics, hospitals, and walk-in clinics open and profitable. Something that should possibley be done for health care providers is to hold seminars on how to increase patients satisfaction scores without jeopardizing our dignity and license.

Working With The Homeless Social Work Essay Essay Example

Working With The Homeless Social Work Essay Essay Using recent research discuss how recent attacks have sought to undertake the lodging and homelessness jobs and critically analyse, utilizing modern-day studies and policy proclamations, how the late elected Conservative and Liberal democrat alliance authorities may impact these attacks. Nobody should be made homeless by controversial cuts to lodging benefitsaˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦I do nt believe it will be necessary for anybody to travel without a place David Cameron, UK Prime Minister, ( BBC, 28/10/10 ) . In 2008, due to assorted grounds, there was a terrible addition in defaults on sub premier mortgages in the U.S.A. This caused a deficit of financess available for loaning that meant loans became impossible to acquire. What we now call the banking crisis spread throughout the remainder of the universe and brought the universe to its articulatio genuss. The affect in the UK resulted in the trouble in obtaining mortgages ; house monetary values fell and the state entered what is considered the worst recession since the Great Depression of 1929. We will write a custom essay sample on Working With The Homeless Social Work Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Working With The Homeless Social Work Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Working With The Homeless Social Work Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In June 2010, elections were held in the UK and the Coalition Government ( Conservative and Liberal Democrats ) came into power with a shortage of ?155 billion one of the worst shortages as a per centum of GDP in the universe ( The Telegraph, 19/2/10 ) . The new Government decided on severe steps to cut down the state s shortage and in October 2010, the alliance s comprehensive disbursement reappraisal ( CSR ) was published. Equally shortly as the cuts were announced, several taking homelessness charities urged the Government to rethink the cuts to the benefits budget as they feared the consequence it would hold on the vulnerable and declared that the CSR is a catastrophe for the really people ; who are most deserving of the Governments support ( BBC, 22/10/10 ) . This essay will endeavor to discourse the impact of the late elected alliance authorities on the homeless and those administrations that help and back up them. Since the debut of the Homelessness Act ( 2002 ) , there has been a dramatic decrease in the figure of homelessness applications made to local councils in England. Likewise, the lessening seen in Wales has been since the debut of the Welsh Assembly Governments revised National Homelessness Strategy in 2005. The impermanent adjustment provided to the homeless which are usually in bed and breakfasts and inns have been reduced by the Government and since 2002 the preferable method has now been to utilize the private sector. In add-on, the 2006 Homelessness Order introduced a set of criterions for impermanent adjustment and whether the adjustment was suited to run into the demands of the person/s, nevertheless this has farther added to the addition in private sector leasing. ( Joseph Rowntree Foundation, 2009, online ) . Although the figure of homeless have reduced with the debut of policies, schemes and Acts, it has still been left largely to the 3rd sector, and the funders of the charities, to go on presenting front line services that support vulnerable people who find themselves trapped in the revolving door of homelessness . There has besides been a dramatic betterment in the handiness of services that have ensured that the most vulnerable people in society are supported and which facilitate people in developing their accomplishments that will enable them to construct a better life for themselves. Agencies such as Shelter, Crisis and Sitra, and many other voluntary and community sector organsations around the UK have ensured that support has been available for people to assist them settle into lasting places, maintain their occupancy ; happen employment ; manage fundss and reconstruct their assurance. Assorted charities such as Turnaround and A Chance 2 Work have taken on the function of suppl ying preparation ; assisting people with procuring suited adjustment ; signposting them onto bureaus where they can farther develop their accomplishments and besides frequently supplying a Centre where people can run into, be active, and have a sense of community ( Homeless Link, online, 2010 ) . Additionally Shelter support a figure of voluntary undertakings, ( such as Fab Pad and Starter Packs both in Scotland ) , which work with the homeless and besides supply advice, information and protagonism to people in lodging demand and indefatigably run to stop homelessness ( Shelter, 2010 ) . However the CSR has now influenced cardinal authorities support which in bend has affected local authorization ( LA ) support ; private sector lodging ; the lodging market reclamation and decreased support for registered societal landlords. Changes to lodging benefits, with caps on payments to be introduced, eligibility standards and proposed alterations to societal lodging term of office and loss of secure support for lodging plants all have changing deductions harmonizing to LA disbursement programs. These may include rent additions for societal renters ; reduced entree to LA equity release merchandises ; less suppport for traveling and increased force per unit area on twosomes and individual older people to travel out of household sized places across term of office. It is argued that these severe steps will probably coerce households from their places and metropoliss, into debt, onto the street and could do 1000s of people to be made homeless in the UK ( Cocks, Care and Repair, 20 10 ) . The National Housing Federation ( NHF ) claim that decreases in payments for people claiming Jobseekers Allowance could go forth a big figure of the 4.7 million claiming lodging benefit with less disposable income to run into the cost of necesseties ( such as nutrient and public-service corporations ) which could take to a steep rise in evictions and up to 202,000 people losing their places, despite what the Prime Minister says ( BBC, 04/07/10 ) . Although it sounds sensible that individual people under 35 on lodging benefit will non be able to acquire adjustment on their ain, it will be hard for people such as domestic force victims to portion houses with others. Natalie Peart ( 2010 ) points out in the November issue of the Pavement that it is a strong possibility that after the immense stairss which Glasgow City council has taken to better impermanent adjustment by traveling people from out-of-date inns into supported occupancies in existent places could all but disappear and the big homeless inns could return because of the cuts in benefits and allowances. In add-on, Murray ( Libdem, 2010 ) states that the complex agreements that have changed sing the principal of the computation of lodging benefits will go forth many people with less benefit to afford the rent in private sector places and will further ensue in many going homeless. He goes on to reason that unless more low-cost places are built with the right substructure and integrated into bing communities, so many people will be left behind. The consequence of the current alliance authorities s policies will intend more overcrowding, more wretchedness and more people kiping on our streets ( Libdemvoice, online, 2010 ) . Although Shelter welcomes the Governments proclamation that the homelessness and Supporting Peoples ( SP ) grants have been left untasted, it is to be remembered that the SP budget was once pealing fenced, but lost its protection in 2009 and can still be raided by other council sections. They further argue that these grants merely meet the demands of the people who are in the worst state of affairss and does non assist the 1000000s of people who already face the on-going battle to happen and maintain a nice low-cost place, particularly with the rise in unemployment and autumn in disposable income ( Shelter, 2010 ) . Cirencester Housing for Young People have already lost their SP support and this raises the inquiry whether the charity will last ( Homeless Link, online, 2010 ) . Kent Council for illustration has admitted that it is trusting to do significant nest eggs when they re-tend the SP contracts and there are rumors that the figure of SP contracts will be dropped from 72 to 22 w hen the re-tendering procedure Begins ( Inside Housing, online, 2010 ) . As LA s have had their portion of grant support badly cut from cardinal authorities, funding grants usually given to the 3rd sector have been either significantly reduced or withdrawn. This in bend has caused redundancies or working hours being reduced in frontline staff and is impacting how charities are able to assist those that are either at hazard of being homeless or are stateless. The lodging charity Sitra advised that a figure of governments have already implemented terrible decreases to disbursement on lodging related support ( Sitra, online, 2010 ) and harmonizing to Mr Sinclair ( main executive of homelessness charity Broadway ) many charities are being asked by the LA s to cut down the cost of the service by 10 15 % with a intimation that if they are unable to, the charity could be dropped from the contract and the service put out to tender. This would intend that smaller charities which are non in a stable fiscal place would hold to shut if they cut monetary values on bi ng contracts or lose out to cheaper commands. The charity Framework obviously states that the disbursement cuts will impact them greatly. They already have a immense waiting list and they are unable to, at present, do plenty for stateless people with farther support cuts. The loss of staff and the possible closing of the Centre will intend that local homeless people will hold nowhere to travel ( Framework, online, 2010 ) . Even local administrations such as the Citizens Advice Bureaux, Opening Doors, Warrington Community Law Centre and Age Concern Mid Mersey are already covering with an tremendous work load, which has meant working beyond their capacity and, since the CSR, has seen a immense addition in the figure of people through their doors. Without the administrations that provide advice, information, security and support for people to travel into their ain place, enable them to populate independently and guarantee that they do non go homeless once more, many people that 3rd sector bureaus presently support will stop up bac k on the street. Harmonizing to the Conservative Blueprint for Undertaking Homelessness ( 2008 ) , the Conservative Party was committed to undertaking homelessness in society and understand that in order to decently turn to this issue we must travel beyond covering with it strictly as a job of lodging and alternatively accept the multi-faceted nature of homelessness . As portion of the solution, all relevant Whitehall sections including Housing, Work and Pensions, Health and Justice and Defence would be turn toing the issue of homelessness. Similarly the Broad Democrats housing and homelessness pronunciamento included providing much needed aid to those who are fighting at the borders of society by making 1000s of occupations and supplying much needed low-cost lodging to do a existent difference to those who do non hold shelter. The pronunciamento stated that protecting and assisting vulnerable people would stay at the top of their docket ( Broad Democrats, online, 2008 ) . However one time the CSR was announced, it became clear that the rough budget cuts might non guarantee that homelessness remains a precedence on the docket when, for illustration, the disposal budget for most sections was to be slashed by 33 -35 % ( HM Treasury, 2010 ) . Campbell Robb, main executive of the lodging and homeless charity Shelter argues that a sequence of authoritiess has failed to turn to our lodging crisis and today s proclamations suggest the alliance has steadfastly joined them in denying duty for an full coevals s ability to entree decent, secure, low-cost lodging . He continued to state that it was a immense blow to see that lodging which was one of the most basic demands for every individual individual in the UK was confronting some of the biggest cuts in the CSR ( Daily Mirror, 21/10/10 ) . The significant lessening in support for lodging will go forth 100s of 1000s of people on the waiting lists for a nice place. New council house renters will hold to pay well more with rents lifting to 80 % of the market rate and with merely 150,000 new places being built over the following four old ages, warnings that the figure of stateless people will lift hold been repeated by taking charities ( Daily Mirror, 21/10/10 ) . Although the authorities has committed to constructing 150,000 low-cost places, this is about a cut of 30 % from current degrees. The mark set by the authorities of 3 million new places by 2020 is improbable to be met as it means 240,000 places should be built every twelvemonth something that has non been achieved since the early 1990 s and is non on the current docket ( Joseph Rowntree Foundation, 2009 ) . Mr Robb ( NCH, 2010 ) criticised Mr Osborne s opinion on lodging, adding that the proposed figure of up to 150,000 low-cost places over four old ages repres ents less than a 3rd of what this state desperately requires to convey the lodging system from its articulatio genuss. However constructing new places will non work out the homelessness crisis or even stop the ceaseless lodging demand in Britain it is far more complex than that. We are still confronting an addition in birth and divorce rates, addition in length of service, people traveling in and out of institutions ( such as prisons, infirmaries, psychiatric arrangements and immature people go forthing attention ) , increased Numberss of refugees and refuge searchers and in-migration from states within and outside of the European Union all continue to be lending factors to homelessness. Angela Kail ( 2010, online ) discussed the impact of the CSR and the 7 % cuts to LA s on charities working in the community sector and argued that the cuts will spell the terminal for local community charities . Many charities will confront closing or cutbacks and will hold to curtail the type, and degree, of services that they can offer ; the figure of people that they can assist and back up, and causes service suppliers to be unable to do long-run programs. Robert McGeachy ( NCH ) argued in 2006 that the 3rd sector are progressively supplying more intensive support over a longer period when demands are non being met elsewhere, nevertheless services being provided will go limited due to miss of support and this is more of a world in today s economic clime ( NCH, on-line 2006 ) . The demand for voluntary sector services will doubtless increase greatly, merely as budgets are cut or affected by new support governments and the homelessness sector will hold to believe about how it can supply more support to vulnerable people with less. However, a study has shown that 63 % of community and voluntary sector administrations plan to cut staff Numberss over the following three months which will do this proposal even more of a challenge ( CVS, online, 15/10/10 ) . Additionally services that are thought to be nice-to-have such as those that develop community development, those that work towards battling fiscal exclusion and societal isolation and those that are similar to others that are being delivered by other homeless services suppliers will non last. Partnership and collaborative working between administrations is now more needful than of all time and it may be the lone manner some charities are able to last to go on back uping vulnerable people. The support cuts are likely to do extremist alterations and charities will hold to confront shriveling in size or unifying with larger charities that are financially more unafraid otherwise they will merely neglect one time they have run out of options. Cathy Pharoah ( 3/11/10 ) argues that this will be the clip when many 3rd sector administrations will necessitate aid with these alterations such as covering with the practicalities of undertaking or closings, redundancies and service reconfiguration. However with the closing of the Regional Development Agencies, and the decreases in Cabinet Office support for substructure organic structures, this aid will non probably be available and the extremist alterations will be even more distressing for some. Jeremy Swain ( main executive of Thames Reach ) suggests that the most of import inquiry of all is will stateless people besides end up paying a rough monetary value? ( Inside Housing, online, 2010 ) No affair who pays the monetary value, it is argued that the budget cuts were necessary in order to cut down the state s public shortage. Grant Shapps ( Minister for Housing and Local Government ) says that by non doing the difficult determinations in order to cut down the shortage, mortgage rates would lift still higher and do houses less low-cost. The involvement refunds on ?1 trillion of debt would take money off from frontline services, cut down future investing and finally stultify the UK. With the loss of about half a million public-sector occupations some say closer to 750,000 ( Sunday Times, 2010 ) , it is possibly fortunate that the alliance Government decided to protect the Homelessness grant by puting ?400 million, and that the decreases to the SP programme has been minimised, with ?6.5bn investing secured over the following four old ages. The Government is cognizant that low-cost lodging for those who can non afford to run into their ain lodging demands remains indispens able and a more flexible system of low-cost lodging will be adopted to run into the different demands of people. Simply put, given the immense force per unit areas on public fundss and the economic fortunes that we face, methods to do limited public investing travel farther demand to be found. Despite the fiscal restraints, the Government will still be puting about ?6.5 billion of the taxpayer s money into lodging, with ?4.5 billion to fund new low-cost places. They besides intend to supply ?200m so that the Mortgage Rescue strategy can remain unfastened to back up vulnerable householders threatened with repossession and a farther ?100m to convey empty places back in usage ( Shapps, 2010 ) . However will this be adequate to cut down the figure of people who are already stateless, those at hazard of going homeless in the hereafter whilst still work towards eliminating homelessness? Since the CSR was announced, everyone interviewed by the BBC seems to be in favor of the budget cuts every bit long as it does non impact him or her. The rough world is that for the following few old ages, everyone will be affected in one-way or another and it is non the first clip that something has happened, such as the election of a new authorities ( albeit it be a alliance ) that will impact attacks and policies in topographic point with respects to undertaking the lodging and homelessness jobs that Britain has faced over the last 20 old ages. The CSR will decidedly hold an inauspicious affect on the full state and harmonizing to the homelessness charities, more so on those that are vulnerable, homeless or at hazard of going homeless. Charities that work with and for older people, kids, carers, young person wrongdoers, ex-service work forces and adult females, those with mental wellness issues merely to call a few are all stating the same and contending for their ain corner nami ng on the Government to rethink the disbursement reappraisal as the cuts will be impacting their most vulnerable service users. Which are the few that need to be sacrificed to maintain the state from crumpling? We may non be ready for the disbursement cuts and revenue enhancement additions, but we now have no pick and something demands to be done to acquire the state off from the threshold of bankruptcy. WORD COUNT 2961

Organizational Committment essays

Organizational Committment essays Whether the average person consumes alcohol on a regular basis or not, the fact remains that he or she has probably heard of Jack Daniels Tennessee Whiskey. It is a household name in America and more than 130 countries around the world. However, the global growth of Jack Daniels from humble beginnings and the extent its products, services, and processes are hardly the topics of discussion over the black-labeled bottle. This paper will address these topics, as well as additional information about the famous Jack Daniels Tennessee Whiskey. While the exact origins of whiskey are lost in the mists of time, it is generally accepted that the ancient Celts (including the Scots, Irish, Cornish and Welsh) knew how to distill grains at least as far back as 800 B.C. They lacked the climate to grow the more fragile grapevines used for wine and instead made use of their cereals, such as barley and rye, both of which grew well in the northern European climate. Celts viewed their fiery brew as a gift from their gods that literally brought the dead to life and warmed even the coldest spirit. In fact, in Celtic whisky is called "uisge beatha"-the water of life. From Scotland and Ireland in the 1400's, to the United States and Canada during Colonial times and to the rest of the world as its popularity grew. The art of distilling and making whiskey was imported to the Colonies from the British Isles even as the American colonies themselves were growing. Here the spirit of independence and rebellion marked the American whiskies as a departure from their British cousins in both technique and taste. Next, we must move to the man himself, Jasper Newton "Jack" Daniel. He was born in September 1850, one of thirteen children, to Calaway Daniel & Lynne Tolley. At age seven, he was hired out to work for a family friend, Dan Call, a Lutheran minister and Louse River whiskey still owner. Having an obvious con...

The US Air Force in World War II Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The US Air Force in World War II - Essay Example Thus the direct premise that followed from this catechism was that victory beyond doubt will go to that power that will manage to exhibit and retain decisive air superiority throughout the conflict. Still such findings and predictions failed to muster a commensurate support and budgetary allocations from the US authorities. It was only in the thick of the World War II that the validity of such forecasts became crystal clear and self evident and the US realized that the stature and scope of its Air Force needs to be unavoidably expanded and broadened. In fact such provisions became necessary after the Japanese air attack on the Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941 (Lord 4). This unexpected attack revealed the extent to which the Japanese intended to rely on their air power to have an upper edge in the war. This attack also revealed the potential and capabilities of the Japanese Air Force, its ability to plan and execute debilitating air operations and its skill for withholding and camouflaging the information and intelligence pertaining to its air preparedness. Pearl Harbor was a painful eye opener that was as much the result of the Japanese air preparedness as the lack of prompt US initiative in response to the ensuing developments in Europe and Japan. This attack also made the US cognizant of the vulnerability of its Air Force and its air defense systems. Luckily, the Pearl Harbor attack unleashed a sea change in the US foreign policy and its defense preparations (Cate). It was decided that from now onwards, the US Air Force ought to play an aggressive and proactive role in the future conflicts. President Roosevelt decided in favor of an unprecedented expansion and refurbishing of the US Air Corps and substantial and impressive allocations were made to procure fighter aircraft for the army (Cate). In the mean time, the US Air Force was already anticipating such salubrious developments and hence it took no time in gearing up and responding to such alleviated expectations and bold plans. The strategic stress was also laid down on the upgrading of aerial infrastructure and the development of new airfields and air bases to enhance the tactical potential of the US Air Force (Cate). There is no doubt that such developments were to chan ge the face of the US Air Force not only in the II World War, but their reverberations were audible in the much later US missions like the Operation Desert Storm.Though the US Air Force fighters and bombers were soon carpeting the Pacific skies, still the US Air Force some what reluctantly entered the European horizons in July 1942 (Wolf 156). The scope of the US Air Force was extended to the European territories only at the repeated request and encouragement of the British army, which was continually suggesting a scheme for the collaboration and cooperation between the Air Forces of the two nations embroiled in this conflict. As American strategic interests in Europe started to become clearer, concise and concrete, the entry of the American Air Force in the European theater of war became a tactical and political necessity. Considering the fact the allied forces operating in Europe were

Justice Discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Justice Discussion - Essay Example Therefore, the original position of justice is the initial status quo that ensures the necessary agreements are fair. Consequently, justice is equated with fairness and acceptability as determined by the situation. Rawls theorized two principles of justice founded on equality. Specifically, these principles are The implementation of justice depends on fairness as expressed in Rawls principles. In making policies, laws, decisions, or judgments, it is important to ensure each party in the case receives a fair decision. Precisely, this means acting without any form of discrimination or external influence that might sway the decision (Rawls,  1971). As Rawls puts it, justice ensures efficiency in the distribution of resources and promoting economic development. On a similar account, Plato asserts that the implementation of justice should depict a virtue of the soul that promotes the health of the soul (Plato, Ferrari, & Griffith, 2000). In summary, the application of justice encourages equality, efficiency, fairness and non-discriminatory